Properties of Analgesics Essay Example for Free

Properties of Analgesics Essay The mass of three analgesics, aspirin, buffered aspirin, and acetaminophen is certainly different. The insoluble particles in each varied as well. If base is added to aspirin, it will neutralize. If it is added to buffered aspirin and acetaminophen, then the pH will increases. First, we found the masses of four tablets of each analgesic. Then, we ground them separately into a powder. Each was dissolved in water and filtered, leaving only the insoluble particles behind The mass of the uncrushed analgesics was compared to its insoluble parts. On the next day, we found the pH of each analgesic, then added NaOH to each in 1mL increments, testing the pH each time. We compared the differing masses (of both the four pills and the insoluables) and the varying pH levels of each analgesic. DATA TABLES: table1 table2 Observation of the Filtering Paper: When the first filtering took place (filtering of aspirin), it left powdered aspirin behind. This was the insoluble materials of aspirin. The other two produced the same results, leaving behind insoluble particles. The buffered aspirin seemed to take longer to filter, followed closely by acetaminophen. The aspirin took the shortest amount of time. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION The masses of the four tablets for each analgesic was: aspirin tablets were 1.929g; buffered aspirin was 2.810g; and acetaminophen was 2.194g. After filtering, the mass of the insoluble material for aspirin was 0.637g; buffered aspirin was 0.676g; and acetaminophen was 0.733g. The pH change varied from each analgesic. For aspirin, the pH never changed when base was added. The buffered aspirin rose 1.5 on the pH scale after the NaOH was added. For the acetaminophen, the pH level raised by 4. Here is a graph of the pH data: CONCLUSION The acetaminophen had the highest mass of insoluble materials, followed by buffered aspirin and aspirin. But, the buffered aspirin had only 24% insoluble material, while the aspirin had 33% and the acetaminophen had 33.4%. The most acidic was aspirin, because it was unaffected by the NaOH. The acetaminophen, however, was affected most by the base. Aspirin is the most acidic of the three, so it should be avoided by those that have stomach coagulation or ulcers, as the acid could make its way into the lining aggravating the stomach. In this case, buffered aspirin could be used, since it contains the least amount of insoluble material. Acetaminophen could be used if one has an allergy to aspirin. EXTENSIONS A grain is a metric equivalent to 0.0649 grams. It is 1/7000 of a pound. So for a 300mg dosage of aspirin, one would be taking 4.61 grains of aspirin. For a 325mg dosage (standard Tylenol) of acetaminophen, one would take 5 grains. For 350mg of buffered aspirin, one would take 5.39 grains.

Look at the significance of chapter five to the novel as a whole. Essay

Look at the significance of chapter five to the novel as a whole. Focus on the relevance and effect of writer’s use of language to describe setting and character and what it shows about social and historical influences. ‘Frankenstein’ by Mary Shelley is a complex horror novel that was written during the age of Romanticism. It contains many themes common to a Romantic novel such as death, tragedy, and loneliness. These themes have all arrived through Mary Shelley’s background as the events in this novel have been influenced greatly by her life. We can see that this novel has been written as a warning to tell the reader what the consequences are of playing with nature. This is highly relevant to today as even now scientists feel they can experiment with nature, for example, cloning. A highly crucial part of this novel is Chapter five. It is where the story really begins as now Frankenstein has reached his goal and realizes the horror of what he has done. This essay will be discussing how chapter five is made so significant to the novel and will look at why certain language is used to describe setting and character and to see what this shows us about social and historical influences. From a very young age, Victor Frankenstein shows a clear interest in science and in Chapter two of the novel Shelley focuses on Victors desire to be a discoverer, when he declares, â€Å"It was the search of heaven and earth that I desired to learn.† In this chapter it is clear that Victor’s ambitions are entirely noble as all he wants is to help mankind, which is also what Robert Walton wanted when discovering unknown lands. When we see two men like this who are clearly obsessed with discovery it shows us how important the pu... ...uel treatment of the creature stands in stark contrast to both his parents’ devotion and Clerval’s care for him. If we conclude to look at Chapter five compared to the rest of the novel we can see it is a central part to the story as it is where the horror really begins. The later chapters in the novel all show the disastrous consequences of Frankenstein’s actions. The purpose of this novel is to teach all a lesson as it shows us what might happen if we continue to play with nature and ‘play God.’ It also tells us the importance of not judging on appearance, as the creature although kind and benevolent was punished because of the way it looked. It is through the language that we are able to understand the significance of Chapter five as it tells us more about life in the 19th Century, more about the life of Mary Shelley and the way the novel came about.

Greek Goddess Artemis and the Roman Goddess Diana Essay

The Roman empire developed much later than the Greek empire thus the Romans copied almost everything that the Greeks had developed over time, such as art, literature and Gods. However the Romans did give some of their Gods different names and duties than those of the Greek Gods. There are other differences, which is shown between the Greek Goddess Artemis and the Roman Goddess Diana. These two Goddesses are very similar, however some differences are apparent. The Greek Goddess Artemis is compared to her Roman equivalent Diana through genealogy, images and symbols, and modern connections. Artemis is the daughter of the Greek Gods Leto and Zeus, and the twin sister to the God Apollo. Although Artemis only has one sibling, she has many relationships with other Gods and had few enemies. One of these Gods is Orion, Artemis’s lover, who is a giant huntsman. Although Artemis ended up mistakenly killing her lover, she never married or had children. Artemis came upon many relationships through hunting, which is a common symbol for Greek Gods related to her. Other symbols associated with Artemis were most commonly directly connected with hunting. The bows and arrows are one of those symbols which resembles power and strength. However, Artemis usually used her power negatively by punishing people for their misdoings. One type of punishments was spreading the plague and transforming people into deers. A specific type of deer is the Kerynitian Hinds, which are deers larger than bulls with golden horns. These deers are also a symbol of Artemis because she used them for transformations often. A common image of Artemis that is recognized today is the moon. The moon is a present symbol that is on flags of several Muslim countries. However, the symbol didn’t have much more meaning other than representing the Gods associated with Greek Gods and their Roman counterparts. Because of the many symbols Artemis has, there is a vast majority of modern connections. The Artemis mission site by NASA is an example of how Artemis is connected with modern day science. The missions is run based on a spacecraft named Artemis that studies the moons relation to the sun. The Artemis spaceship bridge simulator is a game based on the spacecraft. Another association to modern science is through medicine. A human gene is also named after her. However, a lot of these association also apply to Artemis’s Roman equivalent Diana. The Roman Goddess Diana has many similar characteristics like those of the Greek Goddess Artemis. Diana is the twin sister of the Roman God Apollo and her parents are Leto and Zeus. Like Artemis, Diana has many relationships made through hunting. However she did not punish then due to the fact that she did not believe in punishment, especially not through transformations. Symbols that represent Diana are mostly associated with hunting. Bows and arrows represent power and strength, however they are not used negatively by Diana. She uses them as a sign of security. Nothing resembled to science can be associated with Diana, mainly because she is not well known in comparison to her Greek counterpart Artemis. As a modern connection, the moon is a similarity to Muslim countries, which is represented on several flags, however does not have any other meaning. The Roman Gods are a representation of strength and stability to the Muslim culture. The Roman Goddess Diana is very similar to her counterpart Artemis. Genealogy is identical due to the fact that the Romans based their Gods to the Greek Gods. This causes similar images and symbols, except that some Roman Gods weren’t as violent as the Greek Gods with their punishments. However, modern connections aren’t as similar as other aspects of these two Goddesses because the Greek Gods are more well known. Even though both the Greek Goddess Artemis and her Roman equivalent Diana have many similarities in genealogy, images and symbols, there are also differences in modern connections. Artemis’s parents are Leto and Zeus, and she only has one sibling, her brother Apollo. This is also true for Diana. Both these Goddesses have identical images and symbols, however Diana isn’t feared and she does not punish other Gods.. However, because of the Greeks being well known for their Gods and Goddesses, Artemis has more modern connection than Diana has.

Henry David Thoreaus Walden Quotes

Henry David Thoreaus Walden was published in 1854. The essay details the experiment in personal independence and self-reliance that Thoreau underwent, starting on July 4, 1845. During this period he lived on Walden Pond. Famous Quotations Let us first be as simple and well as Nature ourselves, dispel the clouds which hang over our brows, and take up a little life into our pores. Do not stay to be an overseer of the poor, but endeavor to become one of the worthies of the world. - Henry David Thoreau, 1. Economy, WaldenI had three pieces of limestone on my desk, but I was terrified to find that they required to be dusted daily, when the furniture of my mind was all undusted still, and threw them out the window in disgust. - Henry David Thoreau, 1. Economy, WaldenIn any weather, at any hour of the day or night, I have been anxious to improve the nick of time, and notch it on my stick too; to stand on the meeting of two eternities, the past and future, which is precisely the present moment; to toe that line. - Henry David Thoreau, 1. Economy, WaldenI would rather sit on a pumpkin and have it all to myself, than be crowded on a velvet cushion. - Henry David Thoreau, 1. Economy, WaldenTo be awake is to be alive. - Henry Dav id Thoreau, 2. Where I Lived and What I Lived For, WaldenA man is rich in proportion to the number of things which he can afford to let alone. - Henry David Thoreau, 2. Where I Lived and What I Lived For, WaldenI have always been regretting that I was not as wise as the day I was born. - Henry David Thoreau, 2. Where I Lived and What I Lived For, WaldenI have a great deal of company in my house; especially in the morning, when nobody calls. - Henry David Thoreau, 5. Solitude, WaldenA lake is the landscapes most beautiful and expressive feature. It is Earths eye; looking into which the beholder measures the depth of his own nature. - Henry David Thoreau, 9. The Ponds, WaldenYou only need sit still long enough in some attractive spot in the woods that all its inhabitants may exhibit themselves to you by turns. - Henry David Thoreau, 12. Brute Neighbors, WaldenI learned this, at least, by my experiment; that if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to l ive the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours. - Henry David Thoreau, 18. Conclusion, WaldenIf you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost; that is where they should be. Now put the foundations under them. - Henry David Thoreau, 18. Conclusion, WaldenHowever mean your life is, meet it and live it; do not shun it and call it hard names. - Henry David Thoreau, 18. Conclusion, Walden